L’évolution forme des structures de degrés d’organisation et de pouvoir de plus en plus grands, processus dans lequel les plus forts l’emportent sur les plus faibles et continuent l’évolution. La technologie est une création artificielle qui met souvent en danger la vie et l’évolution entendues comme phénomènes naturels, mais la technologie conserve aussi la vie et agit avec l’évolution. Cependant, certains soutiennent que la technologie fera bien plus que cela, et qu’elle ouvrira une époque tout à fait nouvelle de l’évolution. (...) La technologie remplacera les porteurs biologiques fragiles de l’évolution par une nouvelle espèce de porteurs non biologiques doués d’une intelligence et d’un pouvoir très grands. Cet article examine la plausibilité et la faiblesse de telles projections fascinantes que certains annoncent avec fierté comme la libération finale de l’Esprit, tandis que d’autres les appréhendent comme les signes de l’autodestruction finale de l’Homme. (shrink)

Purpose of the article Mentally demanding job of a media creator exposes an individual to a high amount of stress. The latter one disturbs the balance of external expectations and internal capabilities, leading to disruption of psychological well-being and reduction of the quality of life. The key to proper stress management is usage of positive coping strategies. The aim of this paper is to research the usage of coping strategies by the students of mass media – the future media creators. (...) Methodology/methods By means of a standardized questionnaire, we examined the use of positive and negative coping with stress strategies on probands – the future media creators, i.e. students on the faculty of mass media. The questionnaire was distributed personally in amount of 105 with a 95% return of 100 questionnaires. As the sampling method we used the choice of participants based on availability. Findings The results showed that probands elected more positive strategies, and thus they are able to handle stress in a healthy and rational way. As the trend of feminization is constantly evolving in the media, we also examined ability of female students to cope with stress. Our assumption, that women handle stress better than men, was not confirmed. They chose rather negative strategies. On the other hand, the male part of probands was inclined to choose positive strategies. Behind the ability to handle stress in a positive way, in the case of media creators, probably lies the complexity and integrity of personality, and other factors. Limits of research The main limit of presented research is the composition of research sample, i.e. students even though they study in the programs of the mass media, are not the representative sample of the group of media creators in practice. Therefore, we suggest executing similar studies on the sample of the media creators that are already working in the field of media to verify our findings. (shrink)

Tekst je prosireno obrazlozenje predlozene teme projekta koja se bavi mogucnoscu prihvatanja i stabilizacije liberalnih obrazaca distribucije u drustvima u tranziciji. Srbija je u ovom pogledu iz niza razloga poseban slucaj. Liberalizacija ovih drustava je uvek neizvestan proces jer zavisi od dve vazne pretpostavke. Prva je olicena u paradoksu ovakvog vida tranzicije koji se sastoji u postojanju ili nepostojanju politickih poticaja da se neke sfere zivota osamostale od procesa politickog odlucivanja. Druga je da liberalizacija moze biti samo destruktivna. Naime, minimalni (...) ucinci liberalizacije, uspostavljanje obrazaca odgovornosti i javne sfere, mogu u svom krajnjem ishodu imati neliberalne ucinke. No, pored svega, stabilnost liberalnih poredaka pociva upravo na otvorenoj mogucnosti stalnog preispitivanja i korigovanja obrazaca raspodele koji su ugradjeni u institucionalne mehanizme ovih drustava. (shrink)

Tekst razmatra Rolsovu ideju javnog uma kao sredisnji deo njegove koncepcije politickog liberalizma. Ideja javnog uma je shvacena dvostruko, kao norma opravdanja i kao politicki ideal. U tekstu su takodje razmotrene neke kritike Rolsove koncepcije i naznaceni moguci nacini na koji se Rols moze odbraniti od njih. Osnovne teze u tekstu su da se Rolsova koncepcija javnog uma moze odbraniti od standardnih kritika, ali i da sama razotkriva ogranicenja politickog ideala liberalne demokratije. Dosledno shvacen, politicki ideal liberalne demokratije mora se (...) odreci pretenzija na moralnu superiornost i oslanjati se na moralni konsenzus koji moze biti potvrdjen javnim umom politickog drustva.. (shrink)

Mimesis as Make-Believe is important reading for everyone interested in the workings of representational art.

Discussions about the achievements and limitations of the various approaches to the development of intelligent systems can have an essential impact on empirically based research, and with that also on the future development of computer technologies. However, such discussions are often based on vague concepts and assumptions. In this context, we claim that the proposed `three-world ontology'' offers the most appropriate conceptual framework in which the basic problems concerned with cognition and computation can be suitably expressed and discussed, although the (...) solutions of some of these problems seem to lie beyond the horizon of our current understanding. We stress the necessity to differentiate between authentic and functional cognitive abilities; although computation is not a plausible way towards authentic intelligence, we claim that computational systems do offer virtually unlimited possibilities to replicate and surpass human cognitive abilities on the functional level. (shrink)

Die Evolution bildet Strukturen von zunehmender Präzision und Macht. In diesem Prozess tragen die Stärkeren den Sieg über die Schwächeren davon und werden zu neuen Evolutionsträgern. Als künstliches Gebilde wirkt sich die Technologie auf das Leben und die Evolution oft beeinträchtigend aus, weil diese als natürliche Erscheinungen aufgefasst werden. Allerdings ist Technologie auch lebensfördernd, wenn sie die Evolution unterstützt. Es wird vermutet, dass die rasante Entwicklung der Technologie eine neue Epoche der Evolution einläuten wird. Mit Hilfe der Technologie sollen die (...) gebrechlichen biologischen Evolutionsträger durch eine neue Art nichtbiologischer Träger von enormer Intelligenz und Macht ersetzt werden. Dieser Artikel erörtert die Plausibilität und die Schwächen solcher faszinierender Projektionen, die von einigen als vollkommene Befreiung der Vernunft verkündet werden, während andere sie als Zeichen der endgültigen Selbstzerstörung des Menschen auslegen. (shrink)

Evolution creates structures of increasing order and power; in this process the stronger prevail over the weaker and carry the evolution further. Technology is an artificial creation that often threatens life and evolution conceived of as natural phenomena; but technology also supports life and it works together with evolution. However, there are claims that technology will do much more than that, and bring about an entirely new epoch of evolution. Technology will replace the fragile biological carriers of evolution by a (...) new kind of nonbiological carriers of immense intelligence and power. The present paper discusses the plausibility and weaknesses of such fascinating projections that some people proudly announce as the final liberation of the Mind, while others fear them as signs of the final self-annihilation of the Man. (shrink)

The mastery of contemporary scientific and technological revolution is both a consequence and a condition of the purposeful control of social processes. Bourgeois social sciences failed to elaborate a comprehensive theory of social control since they ignore the social subject of the cognition and control of social processes. The scientific concept of social control arises due to the Marxist-Leninist analysis of the subject-object dialectic in the historical process with the formation of the advanced socialist society.

In Working Virtue: Virtue Ethics and Contemporary Moral Problems, leading figures in the fields of virtue ethics and ethics come together to present the first ...

This chapter defends the property dualism argument. The term “semantic premise” mentioned is used to refers to an assumption identified by Brian Loar that antiphysicalist arguments, such as the property dualism argument, tacitly assume that a statement of property identity that links conceptually independent concepts is true only if at least one concept picks out the property it refers to by connoting a contingent property of that property. It is argued that, the property that does the work in explaining the (...) possibility of a posteriori identities need not be a first-order property of the referent in question. On his view, the property dualism argument requires only a weaker semantic premise, which allows that the property in question be a higher order property. A refined version of the property dualism argument is formulated, which uses the weaker premise, and defends the argument against various objections. (shrink)

Two problems are considered here. One relates to who has moral status, and the other relates to who has moral responsibility. The criteria for mattering morally have long been disputed, and many humans and nonhuman animals have been considered “marginal cases,” on the contested edges of moral considerability and concern. The marginalization of humans and other species is frequently the pretext for denying their rights, including the rights to health care, to reproductive freedom, and to bodily autonomy. There is broad (...) agreement across cultural and philosophical traditions about the capacities and responsibilities of moral agents. I propose an inclusive and expansive way of thinking about moral status, situating it not in the characteristics or capacities of individuals, but in the responsibilities and obligations of moral agents. Moral agents, under this view, are not privileged or entitled to special treatment but rather have responsibilities. I approach this by considering some African communitarian conceptions of moral status and moral agency. I propose that moral agency can also be more expansive and include not just individual moral agents but collective entities that have some of the traits of moral agents: power, freedom, and the capacity to recognize and act on the demands of morality and acknowledge and respect the rights of others. Expanding who and what is a moral agent correspondingly extends moral responsibility for respecting rights and fostering the conditions for the health and well-being of humans and animals onto the collective entities who uniquely have the capacity to attend to global-scale health threats such as pandemics and human-caused climate change. (shrink)

This chapter presents an opinionated account of how to understand the contributions of experience, especially with respect to the role of cognitive science, in developing and assessing metaphysical theories of reality. I develop a methodological basis for the idea that, independently of work in experimental philosophy focused on explications of concepts, contemporary metaphysical theories with a role for experiential evidence can be fruitfully connected to empirical work in psychology, especially cognitive science. My argument is not that cognitive science should replace (...) the metaphysician’s use of a priori theorizing and ordinary experience as a guide to metaphysical reality. Rather, we should enrich our perspective on a priori theorizing and ordinary experience as a guide to metaphysical reality by drawing on any relevant work in cognitive science. (shrink)

Our interpretive resources enable us to make sense of, navigate, and communicate about our shared world. These resources not only carve the world up into categories, but also guide how we, individually and collectively, are oriented towards it. In this thesis, I examine how these resources, and the dispositions they guide, may be harmful. A vital kind of interpretive resources are frames, which equip us with unified perspectives on the world. Perspectives are suites of open-ended interpretive (inquisitive, attentional, inferential, evaluative, (...) and affective) dispositions. Frames thereby guide how we interpret, respond to, and navigate the world. I show that these perspectives are epistemically powerful and indispensable. I argue that flawed perspectives, and the distorting frames that produce them, are deeply pernicious and I examine their relationship to oppression. (shrink)